Introduction
The dominant tree at this altitude and up to 2300 meters (if not cut for pasture favoring) is the Black Pine (1600-2300 m). Black pines have occasionally been found at 2700 m. The wind, lack of fertile soil, and low soil humidity make their height growth slow and stunted. Summer drought (like this year in 2023) adversely affects them.
In mature forests, with larger trees, you'll find high-mountain fauna. Chamois hide here in winter; black woodpeckers nest in the trunks of dead trees; crested tits feed on the higher branches of the pines, and, with luck, you might hear the scarce capercaillie in spring during the breeding season.
The pine cones, not too large, have a small hook-shaped umbilicus on each scale.
Infusions are made from young black pine shoots for respiratory ailments. The wood is of very good quality and is used in construction; also for resonant boxes of musical instruments.