Introduction
The pine forest was planted as the last step in stabilising the dune. Grassy species were planted first, such as European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria), a pioneering rhyzomatic grass in dune areas. Bushy species were planted next, such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), cistuses (Cistus sp.), mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) and Mediterranean buckthorn (Rhamnus alaternus). Finally, pines were planted: Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), stone pine (P. Pinea) and the maritime or cluster pine (P. pinaster).
The bird species here are the typical ones from pine woods, such as the discrete blue tit, the common wood pigeon, the rowdy jay, the red crossbill, laughing woodpeckers and the hoopoe with its distinctive song which announces the arrival of spring.